U.S. Air Force Airman 1st Class Benjamin Topps, 35th Civil Engineer Squadron pavements and heavy equipment operator, operates a 279D Compact Truck Loader during the spall repair section of a Multi-Capable Airmen course at Misawa Air Base, Japan, Sept. 1, 2021. A spall repair is a procedure that temporarily repairs small cavities within the runway due to damage from an attack. (U.S. Air Force photo by Airman 1st Class Antwain Hanks)